IN

The IN operator checks if a value matches any value in a specified list or set. It provides a concise way to check for multiple possible values without using multiple OR conditions.

Syntax

<column_or_expression> IN (<value_list>)

Where <value_list> is a comma-separated list of:

Literal values
Parameters
A combination of both

Elements

column_or_expression: The column or expression to check against the values in the list.
value_list: A comma-separated list of values to check against. These can be literals, parameters, or a combination.

Features

Multiple Value Matching: Tests if a value equals any of several specified values without needing multiple OR conditions.
Parameter Support: Accepts parameters for dynamic value lists, allowing client code to provide the values at runtime.
Mixed Literal and Parameter Values: Supports lists containing both literal values and parameters in the same IN expression.

Examples

Using literal values

SELECT * FROM products
WHERE category IN ('Electronics', 'Computers', 'Accessories')

Using parameters

SELECT * FROM products
WHERE category IN (:category1, :category2, :category3)

Using mixed literals and parameters

SELECT * FROM products
WHERE category IN ('Electronics', :category1, :category2)

With nested fields

SELECT * FROM customers
WHERE address.country IN ('USA', 'Canada', 'Mexico')

Combined with other conditions

SELECT * FROM products
WHERE category IN ('Electronics', 'Computers')
AND price < 1000

Comparison with = ANY

The View query language provides two similar operators for checking membership in a set:

IN - Used with a list of values specified in the query
= ANY - Used with array columns or parameters

The primary differences are:

IN = ANY

IN	= ANY
`column IN (val1, val2, …)`	`column = ANY(array_column)` or `value = ANY(array_parameter)`
For fixed lists of values	For array columns or array parameters
Values specified directly in the query	Values come from an array column or parameter

column IN (val1, val2, …)

column = ANY(array_column) or value = ANY(array_parameter)

For fixed lists of values

For array columns or array parameters

Values specified directly in the query

Values come from an array column or parameter

Notes

The IN operator is equivalent to multiple OR conditions combined with equals (=) operations
All values in the list must be of compatible types with the column being compared
Performance is typically better with IN than with multiple OR conditions
The order of values in the list doesn’t affect the results
Empty lists are not allowed in the IN operator

Related Features

= ANY operator - Checks if a value matches any element in an array
WHERE clause - Used with IN for filtering
OR operator - Alternative way to check multiple conditions