9. Contributing

Welcome!

We follow the standard GitHub fork & pull approach to pull requests. Just fork the official repo, develop in a branch, and submit a PR!

You’re always welcome to submit your PR straight away and start the discussion (without reading the rest of this wonderful doc, or the README.md). The goal of these notes is to make your experience contributing to Akka HTTP as smooth and pleasant as possible. We’re happy to guide you through the process once you’ve submitted your PR.

The Akka Community

In case of questions about the contribution process or for discussion of specific issues please visit the akka/dev gitter chat.

You may also check out these other resources.

Navigating around the project & codebase

Branches summary

Depending on which version (or sometimes module) you want to work on, you should target a specific branch as explained below:

master – active development branch of akka-http 10.0-SNAPSHOT

Akka-http contributing guidelines

These guidelines apply to all Akka projects, by which we mean both the akka/akka repository, as well as any plugins or additional repos located under the Akka GitHub organisation, e.g. akka/akka-http and others.

These guidelines are meant to be a living document that should be changed and adapted as needed. We encourage changes that make it easier to achieve our goals in an efficient way.

Please also note that we have a Code of Conduct in place which aims keep our community a nice and helpful one. You can read its full text here: Akka Code of Conduct.

General Workflow

The below steps are how to get a patch into a main development branch (e.g. master). The steps are exactly the same for everyone involved in the project (be it core team, or first time contributor).

To avoid duplicated effort, it might be good to check the issue tracker and existing pull requests for existing work.

If there is no ticket yet, feel free to create one to discuss the problem and the approach you want to take to solve it.

Fork the project on GitHub. You’ll need to create a feature-branch for your work on your fork, as this way you’ll be able to submit a PullRequest against the mainline Akka-http.
Create a branch on your fork and work on the feature. For example: git checkout -b wip-custom-headers-akka-http

Please make sure to follow the general quality guidelines (specified below) when developing your patch.
Please write additional tests covering your feature and adjust existing ones if needed before submitting your Pull Request. The validatePullRequest sbt task (explained below) may come in handy to verify your changes are correct.

Once your feature is complete, prepare the commit following our Creating Commits And Writing Commit Messages. For example, a good commit message would be: Adding compression support for Manifests #22222 (note the reference to the ticket it aimed to resolve).
Now it’s finally time to submit the Pull Request!
If you have not already done so, you will be asked by our CLA bot to sign the Lightbend CLA online CLA stands for Contributor License Agreement and is a way of protecting intellectual property disputes from harming the project.
If you’re not already on the contributors white-list, the @akka-ci bot will ask Can one of the repo owners verify this patch?, to which a core member will reply by commenting OK TO TEST. This is just a sanity check to prevent malicious code from being run on the Jenkins cluster.
Now both committers and interested people will review your code. This process is to ensure the code we merge is of the best possible quality, and that no silly mistakes slip through. You’re expected to follow-up these comments by adding new commits to the same branch. The commit messages of those commits can be more lose, for example: Removed debugging using printline, as they all will be squashed into one commit before merging into the main branch.
- The community and team are really nice people, so don’t be afraid to ask follow up questions if you didn’t understand some comment, or would like to clarify how to continue with a given feature. We’re here to help, so feel free to ask and discuss any kind of questions you might have during review!
After the review you should fix the issues as needed (pushing a new commit for new review etc.), iterating until the reviewers give their thumbs up–which is signalled usually by a comment saying LGTM, which means “Looks Good To Me”.
- In general a PR is expected to get 2 LGTMs from the team before it is merged. If the PR is trivial, or under special circumstances (such as most of the team being on vacation, a PR was very thoroughly reviewed/tested and surely is correct) one LGTM may be fine as well.
If the code change needs to be applied to other branches as well (for example a bugfix needing to be backported to a previous version), one of the team will either ask you to submit a PR with the same commit to the old branch, or do this for you.

Backport pull requests such as these are marked using the phrasefor validation in the title to make the purpose clear in the pull request list. They can be merged once validation passes without additional review (if no conflicts).

Once everything is said and done, your Pull Request gets merged :tada: Your feature will be available with the next “earliest” release milestone (i.e. if back-ported so that it will be in release x.y.z, find the relevant milestone for that release). And of course you will be given credit for the fix in the release stats during the release’s announcement. You’ve made it!

The TL;DR; of the above very precise workflow version is:

Fork akka-http
Hack and test on your feature (on a branch)
Submit a PR
Sign the CLA if necessary
Keep polishing it until received enough LGTM
Profit!

Note that the akka-http sbt project is not as large as the Akka one, so sbt should be able to run with less heap than with the Akka project. In case you need to increase the heap, this can be specified using a command line argument sbt -mem 2048 or in the environment variable SBT_OPTS but then as a regular JVM memory flag, for example SBT_OPTS=-Xmx2G, on some platforms you can also edit the global defaults for sbt in /usr/local/etc/sbtopts.

The `validatePullRequest` task

The Akka-http build includes a special task called validatePullRequest which investigates the changes made as well as dirty (uncommitted changes) in your local working directory and figures out which projects are impacted by those changes, then running tests only on those projects.

For example changing something in akka-http-core would cause tests to be run in all projects which depend on it (e.g. akka-http-tests, akka-http-marshallers-*, docs etc.).

To use the task simply type, and the output should include entries like shown below:

> validatePullRequest
[info] Diffing [HEAD] to determine changed modules in PR...
[info] Detected uncomitted changes in directories (including in dependency analysis): [akka-protobuf,project]
[info] Detected changes in directories: [docs, project, akka-http-tests, akka-protobuf, akka-http-testkit, akka-http, akka-http-core, akka-stream]

By default changes are diffed with the master branch when working locally, if you want to validate against a different target PR branch you can do so by setting the PR_TARGET_BRANCH environment variable for SBT:

PR_TARGET_BRANCH=origin/example sbt validatePullRequest

Developing against Akka `master`

Since Akka HTTP is released separately to Akka “core” yet some features require changes in Akka itself, it is sometimes very useful to be able to develop Akka HTTP with Akka’s sources used directly instead of the binary dependency. You can check out the Akka repository and run sbt with -Dakka.sources=$HOME/akka to develop Akka HTTP with Akka as a source dependency instead of a binary one.

This allows simple and fast iterations on changes that would need to be introduced in Akka to develop a feature in HTTP that would require those.

Binary compatibility

Binary compatibility rules and guarantees are described in depth in the Binary Compatibility Rules section of the documentation.

Akka-http uses MiMa (which is short for Lightbend Migration Manager) to validate binary compatibility of incoming Pull Requests. If your PR fails due to binary compatibility issues, you may see an error like this:

[info] akka-stream: found 1 potential binary incompatibilities while checking against com.typesafe.akka:akka-stream_2.11:2.4.2  (filtered 222)
[error]  * method foldAsync(java.lang.Object,scala.Function2)akka.stream.scaladsl.FlowOps in trait akka.stream.scaladsl.FlowOps is present only in current version
[error]    filter with: ProblemFilters.exclude[ReversedMissingMethodProblem]("akka.stream.scaladsl.FlowOps.foldAsync")

In such situations it’s good to consult with a core team member if the violation can be safely ignored (by adding the above snippet to the project’s src/main/mima-filters), or if it would indeed break binary compatibility.

Situations when it may be fine to ignore a MiMa issued warning include:

if it is touching any class marked as private[akka], /** INTERNAL API*/ or similar markers
if it is concerning internal classes (often recognisable by package names like dungeon, impl, internal etc.)
if it is adding API to classes / traits which are only meant for extension by Akka itself, i.e. should not be extended by end-users
other tricky situations

If it turns out that the change can be safely ignored, please add the filter to the submodule’s src/main/mima-filters/<last-released-version>.backwards.excludes file using (or creating) the file corresponding to the latest released version.

You can run mimaReportBinaryIssues on the sbt console to check if you introduced a binary incompatibility or whether an incompatibility has been successfully ignored after adding it to the filter file.

Pull Request Requirements

For a Pull Request to be considered at all it has to meet these requirements:

Regardless if the code introduces new features or fixes bugs or regressions, it must have comprehensive tests.
The code must be well documented in the Lightbend’s standard documentation format (see the ‘Documentation’ section below).
The commit messages must properly describe the changes, see further below.
All Lightbend projects must include Lightbend copyright notices. Each project can choose between one of two approaches:
1. All source files in the project must have a Lightbend copyright notice in the file header.
2. The Notices file for the project includes the Lightbend copyright notice and no other files contain copyright notices. See http://www.apache.org/legal/src-headers.html for instructions for managing this approach for copyrights.
Akka-http uses the first choice, having copyright notices in every file header.

Additional guidelines

Some additional guidelines regarding source code are:

files should start with a Copyright (C) 2018 Lightbend Inc. <https://www.lightbend.com> copyright header
keep the code DRY
apply the Boy Scout Rule whenever you have the chance to
Never delete or change existing copyright notices, just add additional info.
Do not use @author tags since it does not encourage Collective Code Ownership.
Contributors , each project should make sure that the contributors gets the credit they deserve—in a text file or page on the project website and in the release notes etc.

If these requirements are not met then the code should not be merged into master, or even reviewed - regardless of how good or important it is. No exceptions.

Whether or not a pull request (or parts of it) shall be back- or forward-ported will be discussed on the pull request discussion page, it shall therefore not be part of the commit messages. If desired the intent can be expressed in the pull request description.

Documentation

All documentation must abide by the following maxims:

Example code should be run as part of an automated test suite.
Version should be programmatically specifiable to the build.
Generation should be completely automated and available for scripting.
Artifacts that must be included in the Lightbend stack should be published to a maven “documentation” repository as documentation artifacts.
When renaming Markdown files, add a rewrite rule to the .htaccess file to not break external links.

All documentation is preferred to be in Lightbend’s standard documentation format Paradox. The language used by Paradox is a super-set or Markdown which supports most Github Flavored Markdown extensions as well as additional directives to facilitate writing documentation for software projects. Refer to its documentation to learn about the more advanced features it provides (including code etc).

To generate documentation you can:

> project docs
> paradox

The rendered documentation will be available under docs/target/paradox/site/main/index.html.

JavaDoc

Akka-http generates JavaDoc-style API documentation using the genjavadoc sbt plugin, since the sources are written mostly in Scala.

Generating JavaDoc is not enabled by default, as it’s not needed on day-to-day development as it’s expected to just work. If you’d like to check if you links and formatting looks good in JavaDoc (and not only in ScalaDoc), you can generate it by running:

sbt -Dakka.genjavadoc.enabled=true javaunidoc:doc

Which will generate JavaDoc style docs in ./target/javaunidoc/index.html

External Dependencies

All the external runtime dependencies for the project, including transitive dependencies, must have an open source license that is equal to, or compatible with, Apache 2.

This must be ensured by manually verifying the license for all the dependencies for the project:

Whenever a committer to the project changes a version of a dependency (including Scala) in the build file.
Whenever a committer to the project adds a new dependency.
Whenever a new release is cut (public or private for a customer).

Which licenses are compatible with Apache 2 are defined in this doc, where you can see that the licenses that are listed under Category A automatically compatible with Apache 2, while the ones listed under Category B needs additional action:

Each license in this category requires some degree of reciprocity; therefore, additional action must be taken in order to minimize the chance that a user of an Apache product will create a derivative work of a reciprocally-licensed portion of an Apache product without being aware of the applicable requirements.

Each project must also create and maintain a list of all dependencies and their licenses, including all their transitive dependencies. This can be done either in the documentation or in the build file next to each dependency.

Creating Commits And Writing Commit Messages

Follow these guidelines when creating public commits and writing commit messages.

If your work spans multiple local commits (for example; if you do safe point commits while working in a feature branch or work in a branch for a long time doing merges/rebases etc.) then please do not commit it all but rewrite the history by squashing the commits into a single big commit which you write a good commit message for (like discussed in the following sections). For more info read this article: Git Workflow. Every commit should be able to be used in isolation, cherry picked etc.
First line should be a descriptive sentence what the commit is doing, including the ticket number. It should be possible to fully understand what the commit does—but not necessarily how it does it—by just reading this single line. We follow the “imperative present tense” style for commit messages (more info here).

It is not ok to only list the ticket number, type “minor fix” or similar. If the commit is a small fix, then you are done. If not, go to 3.

Following the single line description should be a blank line followed by an enumerated list with the details of the commit.
You can request review by a specific team member for your commit (depending on the degree of automation we reach, the list may change over time):
- Review by @gituser - if you want to notify someone on the team. The others can, and are encouraged to participate.

Example:

enable Travis CI #1

* Details 1
* Details 2
* Details 3

Pull request validation workflow details

Akka-http uses Jenkins GitHub pull request builder plugin that automatically merges the code, builds it, runs the tests and comments on the Pull Request in GitHub.

Upon a submission of a Pull Request the GitHub pull request builder plugin will post a following comment:

Can one of the repo owners verify this patch?

This requires a member from a core team to start Pull Request validation process by posting comment consisting only of OK TO TEST. From now on, whenever new commits are pushed to the Pull Request, a validation job will be automatically started and the results of the validation posted to the Pull Request.

A Pull Request validation job can be started manually by posting PLS BUILD comment on the Pull Request.

In order to speed up PR validation times, the Akka-http build contains a special sbt task called validatePullRequest, which is smart enough to figure out which projects should be built if a PR only has changes in some parts of the project. For example, if your PR only touches akka-http-testkit, no akka-parsing tests need to be run, however the task will validate all projects that depend on akka-http-testkit (including samples). Also, tests tagged as PerformanceTest and the likes of it are excluded from PR validation.

In order to force the validatePullRequest task to build the entire project, regardless of dependency analysis of a PRs changes one can use the special PLS BUILD ALL command (typed in a comment on GitHub, on the Pull Request), which will cause the validator to test all projects.

Note, that OK TO TEST will only be picked up when the user asking for it is considered an admin. Public (!) members of the akka organization are automatically considered admins and users manually declared admin in the Jenkins job (currently no one is explicitly listed). PLS BUILD and PLS BUILD ALL can be issued by everyone that is an admin or everyone who was whitelisted in the Jenkins Job (whitelisting != declaring someone an admin).

Source style

Scala style

Akka-http uses Scalariform to enforce some of the code style rules.

Java style

Java code is currently not automatically reformatted by sbt (expecting to have a plugin to do this soon). Thus we ask Java contributions to follow these simple guidelines:

2 spaces
{ on same line as method name
in all other aspects, follow the Oracle Java Style Guide

Preferred ways to use timeouts in tests

Avoid short test timeouts, since Jenkins server may GC heavily causing spurious test failures. GC pause or other hiccup of 2 seconds is common in our CI environment. Please note that usually giving a larger timeout does not slow down the tests, as in an expectMessage call for example it usually will complete quickly.

There is a number of ways timeouts can be defined in Akka tests. The following ways to use timeouts are recommended (in order of preference):

remaining is first choice (requires within block)
remainingOrDefault is second choice
3.seconds is third choice if not using testkit
lower timeouts must come with a very good reason (e.g. Awaiting on a known to be “already completed” Future)

Special care should be given expectNoMsg calls, which indeed will wait the entire timeout before continuing, therefore a shorter timeout should be used in those, for example 200 or 300.millis.

You can read up on remaining and friends in TestKit.scala

Supporting infrastructure

Continuous Integration

akka-http currently uses a combination of jenkins and travis for Continuous Integration:

Jenkins runs the tests for each PR
Jenkins runs a nightly performance test suite against master
Travis checks dependency licenses for all PR’s
Travis is used for publishing releases

The Jenkins server farm, sometimes referred to as “the Lausanne cluster”, is sponsored by Lightbend. The cluster is made out of real bare-metal boxes, and maintained by the Akka team (and other very helpful people at Lightbend).

Akka HTTP

9. Contributing

Welcome!

The Akka Community

Navigating around the project & codebase

Branches summary

Tags

Akka-http contributing guidelines

General Workflow

The `validatePullRequest` task

Developing against Akka `master`

Binary compatibility

Pull Request Requirements

Additional guidelines

Documentation

JavaDoc

External Dependencies

Creating Commits And Writing Commit Messages

Pull request validation workflow details

Source style

Scala style

Java style

Preferred ways to use timeouts in tests

Supporting infrastructure

Continuous Integration

Related links

9. Contributing

Welcome!

The Akka Community

Navigating around the project & codebase

Branches summary

Tags

Akka-http contributing guidelines

General Workflow

The validatePullRequest task

Developing against Akka master

Binary compatibility

Pull Request Requirements

Additional guidelines

Documentation

JavaDoc

External Dependencies

Creating Commits And Writing Commit Messages

Pull request validation workflow details

Source style

Scala style

Java style

Preferred ways to use timeouts in tests

Supporting infrastructure

Continuous Integration

Related links

The `validatePullRequest` task

Developing against Akka `master`